Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's 'law of segregation'?

Accepted Answer

The two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.

Question 2

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation for a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 3

A pea plant with genotype Pp (heterozygous for flower color) is crossed with a plant with genotype pp. What is the probability that an offspring will have purple flowers? Use $$P$$ for purple and $$p$$ for white.

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between the two homozygotes, such as pink flowers from red and white parents.

Question 5

If two parents with blood type O (genotype $$ii) $$have a child, what is the probability that the child will have blood type A?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 6

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$YyRr 	imes YyRr$$), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype $$YYRR$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 7

Which term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a gene?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous

Question 8

A genetic disorder is caused by a recessive allele. If both parents are carriers ($$Aa$$), what is the probability that their child will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the concept of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 10

In Labrador retrievers, coat color is determined by two genes: $$B ($$black/brown pigment) and $$E ($$pigment deposition). What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring of two $$BbEe$$ dogs?

Accepted Answer

9 black : 3 brown : 4 yellow

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Skin color in humans

Question 12

A couple, both carriers for cystic fibrosis ($$Ff$$), want to know the probability that their child will be a carrier but not affected. What is the probability?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 13

Which statement about dominant alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles are not necessarily more common than recessive alleles.

Question 14

A testcross is performed between a plant with the dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If some offspring show the recessive phenotype, what is the genotype of the dominant parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 15

Which rule is used to calculate the probability that two independent events will occur together?

Accepted Answer

Multiplication rule

Question 16

In a cross between $$AaBbCc 	imes AaBbCc$$, what is the probability of an offspring having genotype $$AABBCC$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{64}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes multifactorial traits?

Accepted Answer

Traits determined by multiple genes and environmental influences.

Question 18

A pedigree shows a trait that skips generations and appears only in individuals with two copies of the allele. What type of inheritance is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Recessive

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using pea plants for genetic studies, according to Mendel?

Accepted Answer

Long lifespan

Question 20

A child is born with sickle-cell disease. If both parents are carriers ($$Ss$$), what is the probability that their next child will also have sickle-cell disease?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance

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