Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 2

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation when crossing two F1 hybrids for flower color?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 3

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp is $$crossed with another $$Pp$$ plant. What is the probability that an offspring will have a white flower phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 4

Which term describes an organism with two identical alleles for a gene?

Accepted Answer

Homozygote

Question 5

If a plant with the dominant phenotype is testcrossed with a homozygous recessive plant and half the offspring have the recessive phenotype, what is the genotype of the dominant parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous ($$Pp)$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the law of independent assortment is correct?

Accepted Answer

It states that each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation.

Question 7

In a dihybrid cross between $$YyRr$$ plants, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation according to Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 8

Which rule is used to calculate the probability that two independent events will occur together?

Accepted Answer

Multiplication rule

Question 9

A couple has two children. What is the probability that both children are girls? (Assume the probability of having a girl is $$\frac{1}{2}$$ for each child.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 10

Which inheritance pattern is illustrated when the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 11

Which genotype results in blood type AB in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$I^A I^B$$

Question 12

A person with genotype $$BbEe$$ for Labrador retriever coat color is crossed with another $$BbEe$$ dog. What is the expected ratio of yellow puppies in the litter?

Accepted Answer

4 out of 16

Question 13

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes independently affect a single trait.

Question 14

Hydrangeas grown in acidic soil with free aluminum are blue, while those grown in basic soil are pink. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Environmental impact on phenotype

Question 15

Which term describes a family tree that describes the inheritance of a trait across generations?

Accepted Answer

Pedigree

Question 16

Albinism is a recessive condition. If two carrier parents ($$Aa) $$have a child, what is the probability that the child will have albinism?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 17

Achondroplasia is a dominant disorder. If a person with genotype $$Dd ($$dwarf) has a child with a person with genotype $$dd ($$normal), what is the probability that their child will have the dwarf phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A gene responsible for multiple symptoms in sickle-cell disease.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why dominant alleles are not necessarily more common in populations than recessive alleles?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles can be rare if they cause conditions that are not favored by selection, such as polydactyly.

Question 20

Which of the following is a multifactorial disorder, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance

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