Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis increases genetic diversity through recombination and independent assortment.

Question 2

In Mendel’s experiments with pea plants, what was the observed phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which hypothesis explains the evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction in changing environments?

Accepted Answer

Red Queen hypothesis

Question 4

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$RrYy 	imes RrYy) $$produces offspring with which expected phenotypic ratio?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a consequence of reproducing without genetic recombination, as seen in some asexual organisms?

Accepted Answer

Vulnerability to environmental change and disease

Question 6

According to Mendel’s principle of segregation, what happens to alleles during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles separate so that each gamete receives only one allele from each gene.

Question 7

Which term describes the genetic makeup of an organism for a specific trait?

Accepted Answer

Genotype

Question 8

In a population exposed to a rapidly evolving pathogen, which reproductive strategy is most likely to be favored?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction

Question 9

What is the expected genotype ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1$$

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different traits separate independently during gamete formation.

Question 11

If a plant with genotype $$RrYy$$ produces gametes, which of the following gamete combinations is possible?

Accepted Answer

$$RY$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a reason why sexual reproduction is costly compared to asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction allows for purifying selection.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about Mendel’s model organism, the garden pea, is correct?

Accepted Answer

It has easily recognizable traits and can self-pollinate.

Question 14

In a test cross between a pea plant with unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive plant, what result would indicate the unknown plant is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

Half the offspring show the dominant phenotype and half show the recessive phenotype.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the blending inheritance hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Offspring inherit a mix of parental traits that blend together.

Question 16

What is the main evolutionary advantage of purifying selection in sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It removes deleterious alleles from the population.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the Amam mollies’ mode of reproduction?

Accepted Answer

They reproduce without genetic recombination, leading to low genetic diversity.

Question 18

If two true-breeding pea plants, one with round seeds ($$RR) $$and one with wrinkled seeds ($$rr$$), are crossed, what will be the genotype of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$Rr$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a direct result of the principle of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele for each gene.

Question 20

In a dihybrid cross, which mechanism explains why the alleles for seed shape and seed color assort independently?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment

Mendel, Meiosis, and the Foundations of Genetics

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