Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, so each gamete receives only one allele for each gene.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Tt ($$where $$T is $$tall and $$t is $$short) is self-pollinated. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of tall to short plants in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

In a cross between two heterozygous purple-flowered pea plants ($$Pp$$), what is the probability that an offspring will have white flowers?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink offspring.

Question 5

A woman with genotype $$AaBb ($$for two unlinked genes) marries a man with genotype $$Aabb. $$What is the probability that their child will have genotype $$Aabb$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why calico cats are almost always female?

Accepted Answer

The gene for orange and black fur is located on the X chromosome, and females have two X chromosomes allowing for mosaic expression.

Question 7

If a man with blood type $$AB$$ and a woman with blood type $$O$$ have a child, what are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with both A and B antigens on their red blood cells (blood type AB).

Question 9

A testcross is performed between a plant with unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring show the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 10

Which statement about Mendel's experiments is correct?

Accepted Answer

He studied inheritance by crossing pea plants with different traits and analyzing the ratios of offspring.

Question 11

A woman who is heterozygous for a recessive genetic disorder marries a man who is homozygous recessive. What is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation if the genes are on different chromosomes.

Question 13

In snapdragons, red flowers ($$RR) $$crossed with white flowers ($$WW) $$produce pink flowers ($$RW). If $$two pink-flowered plants are crossed, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1$$ red : $$2$$ pink : $$1$$ white

Question 14

A man with genotype $$X^AY$$ and a woman with genotype $$X^AX^a$$ have a son. What is the probability that the son will inherit the recessive allele $$a$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia, where one gene affects both hemoglobin structure and resistance to malaria.

Question 16

A woman who is a carrier for color blindness (X-linked recessive) marries a man with normal vision. What is the probability that their son will be color blind?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Question 18

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals with genotype $$RrYy$$, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a reason why inheritance patterns can be more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles are always expressed in every generation.

Question 20

A child is born with type O blood. If the mother is type A and the father is type B, which of the following parental genotypes could produce this child?

Accepted Answer

Mother: $$I^A I^O$$, Father: $$I^B I^O$$

Mendelian Genetics and Patterns of Inheritance: Study Notes for General Biology

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