Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's particulate theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are inherited as discrete units that retain their identity across generations.

Question 2

A man with genotype $$Ee$$ for earlobe attachment (where $$E is $$dominant for free earlobes and $$e is $$recessive for attached earlobes) marries a woman with genotype $$ee. $$What is the probability that their child will have attached earlobes?

Accepted Answer

0.50

Question 3

In a population, 16% of individuals have attached earlobes (homozygous recessive, $$ee). $$Using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the dominant allele ($$E$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$p = 0.60$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with AB blood type expressing both A and B antigens.

Question 5

Which condition must be met for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

There must be random mating among individuals.

Question 6

A pedigree chart shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. Which inheritance pattern is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the founder effect in population genetics?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals colonizes a new area, resulting in reduced genetic variation.

Question 8

If the frequency of the recessive allele ($$q) $$for a trait is 0.3 in a population, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 0.42$$

Question 9

Which type of natural selection favors individuals with average phenotypes and reduces variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Stabilizing selection

Question 10

A genetic disorder is inherited through mitochondrial DNA. Which statement is true about its inheritance?

Accepted Answer

It is only inherited from the mother.

Question 11

Which event during meiosis is responsible for the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I

Question 12

A population of rock pocket mice has a dark fur allele that increases in frequency due to predation on light-colored mice. Which type of natural selection is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 14

In a population, the frequency of individuals with genotype $$rr ($$homozygous recessive for tongue rolling) is 0.06. What is the frequency of the recessive allele ($$r$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$q = 0.25$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies due to random events, especially in small populations.

Question 16

A woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder. If she has a son, what is the probability that he will inherit the disorder?

Accepted Answer

0.50

Question 17

Which of the following statements about mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful depending on environmental conditions.

Question 18

If a population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following could be a reason?

Accepted Answer

There is gene flow due to migration.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

Microevolution refers to changes in allele frequencies within a population, while macroevolution involves major evolutionary changes at or above the species level.

Question 20

A population has 100 individuals. 36 have the homozygous recessive genotype ($$aa) $$for a trait. What is the frequency of the dominant allele ($$A$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$p = 0.40$$

Mendelian Genetics and Population Genetics: Study Guide

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