Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's Principle of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Two alleles of a gene segregate (separate) and each enters a different gamete during meiosis.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype Rr is crossed with another Rr plant. What is the probability that an offspring will have wrinkled seeds (rr)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about dominant and recessive alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

A dominant allele is visible as the phenotype if present, even if only one copy is present.

Question 4

In Mendel's experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross (e.g., round vs. wrinkled seeds)?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 5

If a plant is homozygous for the round seed allele (RR), what type of gametes can it produce?

Accepted Answer

Only R gametes

Question 6

A mutation in the seed shape gene creates a non-functional enzyme for amylopectin synthesis. What is the likely phenotype of the seeds?

Accepted Answer

Wrinkled

Question 7

Which of the following best defines a heterozygote?

Accepted Answer

An individual with two different alleles for a gene

Question 8

If the probability of a gamete carrying the R allele is $$\frac{1}{2}$$ and the probability of a gamete carrying the r allele is $$\frac{1}{2}$$, what is the probability of an offspring being heterozygous (Rr) from two Rr parents?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Round seeds

Question 10

A plant with genotype rr is crossed with a plant with genotype RR. What will be the genotype of all F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

Rr

Question 11

Which rule would you use to calculate the probability of obtaining either a round or a wrinkled seed in a single offspring from an Rr x Rr cross?

Accepted Answer

Sum Rule

Question 12

In a cross between two heterozygous plants (Rr x Rr), what is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr

Question 13

Which of the following historical hypotheses about inheritance was disproven by Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

Offspring exhibit traits that are a blend of the parental traits.

Question 14

If a plant with genotype Rr self-fertilizes, what is the probability that two offspring in a row will both have wrinkled seeds?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the wrinkled seed allele (r) results in wrinkled seeds?

Accepted Answer

It codes for a non-functional enzyme due to a mutation, so less amylopectin is produced.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a correct definition?

Accepted Answer

Homozygote: two different alleles for a gene

Question 17

A scientist rolls two six-sided dice. What is the probability of rolling a 2 on both dice, and how does this relate to Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{36}$$; it demonstrates the product rule for independent events.

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the application of the product rule in genetics?

Accepted Answer

Calculating the probability of an offspring inheriting an R allele from one parent AND an r allele from the other.

Question 19

Why did Mendel choose pea plants for his genetic experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have several characters with two possible traits, allowing for clear analysis of inheritance patterns.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines phenotype, but environmental factors can also influence phenotype.

Mendelian Genetics and Single-Gene Inheritance: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards