Q: If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$3'\text{-}TACGGTACG\text{-}5'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

$$5'\text{-}AUGCCAUGC\text{-}3'$$

Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

A pea plant with genotype $$Tt ($$where $$T is $$tall and $$t is $$short) is crossed with another $$Tt$$ plant. What is the probability that an offspring will be short?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?

Accepted Answer

In incomplete dominance, the heterozygote shows a blend of both traits, while in codominance, both traits are fully and separately expressed.

Question 3

A woman who is a carrier for color blindness (an X-linked recessive trait) marries a man with normal vision. What is the probability that their son will be color blind?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 5

During DNA replication, which strand is synthesized discontinuously, and what are the fragments called?

Accepted Answer

Lagging strand; Okazaki fragments

Question 6

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why mitochondrial disorders are only inherited from the mother?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are inherited exclusively from the egg cell cytoplasm.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Both use DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA strands.

Question 9

A mutation changes the codon $$UAC ($$which codes for tyrosine) to $$UAA. $$What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 10

If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$3'	ext{-}TACGGTACG	ext{-}5'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}AUGCCAUGC	ext{-}3'$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 12

A fruit fly with genotype $$X^wY ($$where $$X^w is $$the white-eye allele) is crossed with a female with genotype $$X^+X^w. $$What proportion of male offspring will have white eyes?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Question 13

Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Question 14

A person with Down syndrome has three copies of chromosome 21. What is the term for this chromosomal abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates gene linkage?

Accepted Answer

Two genes located close together on the same chromosome are inherited together more often than not.

Question 16

If a mutation causes a single base to be inserted into a gene, what is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during translation?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 18

A cross between a red-flowered snapdragon ($$RR) $$and a white-flowered snapdragon ($$WW) $$produces pink-flowered offspring ($$RW). $$What inheritance pattern is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 19

Which of the following statements about semi-conservative DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which is caused by a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. What is the resulting abnormal chromosome called?

Accepted Answer

Philadelphia chromosome

Mendelian Genetics, Chromosomal Inheritance, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, and Protein Synthesis

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