Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's particulate hypothesis of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Individual 'particles' or units of inheritance deliver specific traits and are maintained in offspring.

Question 2

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (Pp x Pp), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which of Mendel's laws states that the two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes?

Accepted Answer

Law of Segregation

Question 4

A test cross is performed between a pea plant with purple flowers of unknown genotype and a true-breeding white-flowered plant. If all offspring have purple flowers, what is the genotype of the purple-flowered parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant (PP)

Question 5

If two genes are located very close together on the same chromosome, which genetic phenomenon is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Genetic linkage

Question 6

In a dihybrid cross (YyRr x YyRr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 7

Which statement about dominant and recessive alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive alleles in heterozygotes.

Question 8

A plant with genotype YyRr produces gametes. What is the expected proportion of each gamete type if the genes are unlinked?

Accepted Answer

$$25\% YR$$, $$25\% Yr$$, $$25\% yR$$, $$25\% yr$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a homozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

PP

Question 10

Why did Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have easily distinguishable traits controlled by single genes and are diploid.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair during gamete formation.

Question 12

A heterozygous plant (Pp) is self-fertilized. What is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios would violate Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Genes located very close together on the same chromosome

Question 14

If a plant is heterozygous for two genes (YyRr) and the genes are linked, what gametes will be produced?

Accepted Answer

Only YR and yr

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct definition of genotype?

Accepted Answer

The genetic makeup that produces the phenotype

Question 16

In a dihybrid cross, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring that is homozygous recessive for both traits (yyrr) from two heterozygous parents (YyRr x YyRr)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of Mendel's four concepts?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes always assort together

Question 18

A true-breeding pea plant with yellow seeds (YY) is crossed with a true-breeding pea plant with green seeds (yy). What will be the genotype of the F1 generation?

Accepted Answer

Yy

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a heterozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

Two different alleles for a gene

Question 20

If a plant with genotype Pp is crossed with a plant with genotype pp, what is the expected ratio of purple to white flowers in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:1$$

Mendelian Genetics: Principles, Laws, and Applications (Chapter 14: 14.1–14.4)

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