Question 1

In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, which of the following best describes the principle of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Two members of each gene pair separate into different gametes during meiosis.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype RrYy is crossed with another RrYy plant. According to Mendel's principle of independent assortment, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation for round/yellow, round/green, wrinkled/yellow, and wrinkled/green seeds?

Accepted Answer

$9:3:3:1$

Question 3

If a gene has five different alleles, how many alleles for that gene could be found in a diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why Mendel's results did not support the blending inheritance hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Traits disappeared in the F1 generation and reappeared in the F2 generation.

Question 5

During meiosis in a diploid organism, after DNA replication but before meiosis I, how many copies of each gene are present in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Four

Question 6

Which of the following crosses would produce only heterozygous offspring for a single trait?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant x homozygous recessive

Question 7

If yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green seeds (y), what percentage of offspring from a cross between a heterozygous yellow-seeded plant ($Yy$) and a green-seeded plant ($yy$) will have yellow seeds?

Accepted Answer

$50\%$

Question 8

Which statement best describes the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles, while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles for a gene.

Question 9

A plant with genotype $Pp$ for flower color (where $P$ is purple and dominant, $p$ is white and recessive) will have which phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous; dominant

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates Mendel's principle of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 11

If a plant with genotype $PpYy$ (purple flowers, yellow pods) is crossed with a plant with genotype $ppyy$ (white flowers, green pods), what proportion of offspring will have purple flowers and green pods? Assume independent assortment.

Accepted Answer

$1/4$

Question 12

Which process during sexual reproduction is responsible for producing new combinations of alleles in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination during meiosis

Question 13

In a dihybrid cross ($RrYy 	imes RrYy$), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype $rryy$?

Accepted Answer

$1/16$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a reason why garden peas were an ideal organism for Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have a long generation time.

Question 15

If two genes are located on the same chromosome and are inherited together, which principle may not hold true?

Accepted Answer

Principle of independent assortment

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the outcome of fertilization in terms of allele combinations?

Accepted Answer

It produces offspring with new combinations of alleles from both parents.

Question 17

A plant with genotype $Rr$ (round seeds) is crossed with a plant with genotype $rr$ (wrinkled seeds). What is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$1:1$ (Rr:rr)

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of the principle of segregation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete receives only one allele for each gene.

Question 19

In a cross between two heterozygous plants ($Yy 	imes Yy$), what is the expected ratio of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive offspring?

Accepted Answer

$1:2:1$

Mendelian Inheritance Patterns and the Chromosomal Basis of Genetics

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