Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as applied in biological research?

Accepted Answer

A cyclical process involving observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and analysis.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct application of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Question 3

A student is examining a sample under a microscope and observes a cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 6

A geneticist crosses two heterozygous pea plants (Yy) for seed color. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of yellow to green seeds in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 7

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication results in two identical DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of natural selection in evolution?

Accepted Answer

It increases the frequency of traits that enhance survival and reproduction.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of the application of biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Inserting a gene for insulin production into bacteria to treat diabetes.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a chemical bond found in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond in proteins

Question 12

A population of insects is exposed to a new pesticide. After several generations, most insects are resistant. Which mechanism best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 13

Which of the following equations represents photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about Mendel's principles of genetics?

Accepted Answer

Alleles segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 15

A scientist wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. Which of the following is the best example of a controlled variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The type of plant used in all groups

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through cellular respiration

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a mutation in a gene coding for an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme may lose its function, leading to diseases such as phenylketonuria.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why biodiversity is important for ecosystem stability?

Accepted Answer

It increases the resilience of ecosystems to environmental changes.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of applying the process of science to solve a real-world problem?

Accepted Answer

Designing an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new antibiotic.

Mesa College BIOL 107: General Biology Syllabus and Course Structure (Summer 2026)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards