Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the nervous system in humans?

Accepted Answer

It regulates and coordinates the activities of all other organ systems.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid heart rate and sweating after a stressful event. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for these responses?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct pathway for a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly associated with the transmission of signals in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 5

If a neuron is unable to transmit an action potential, which of the following is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

The movement of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane

Question 6

Which equation best represents the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$ V_{rest} = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right) $

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons allow saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 8

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying the signal from the spinal cord to the muscles?

Accepted Answer

Motor neuron

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling voluntary muscle movement

Question 10

During an action potential, which ion rapidly enters the neuron causing depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($Na^+$)

Question 11

Which structure in the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the synapse in neural communication?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where electrical signals are converted to chemical signals for transmission between neurons.

Question 13

Which equation represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion?

Accepted Answer

$ E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right) $

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the somatic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A person voluntarily lifts their arm to wave.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and insulation for neurons.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates muscle contraction by binding to receptors on the muscle cell membrane.

Question 17

A person is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on their nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Inability to generate action potentials

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a disorder caused by the destruction of myelin in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the nervous system can rapidly respond to environmental changes?

Accepted Answer

Neurons use electrical signals that travel quickly along their membranes.

Mini-Textbook Study Notes: Nervous System Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards