Question 1

Which of the following best explains how mitosis maintains the chromosome number in somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis duplicates the chromosomes and then distributes one complete set to each daughter cell, preserving the original chromosome number.

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell, spindle fibers attached to kinetochores, and centrosomes at opposite poles. Which phase is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for attaching spindle fibers to chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 5

What is the main difference between cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells build a cell plate from vesicles.

Question 6

If a parent cell has 12 chromosomes at the start of mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the mitotic phase with its major event?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

Question 8

Which term describes the region where two sister chromatids are most closely attached?

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 9

A cell is observed with condensed chromosomes, a fragmented nuclear envelope, and spindle fibers beginning to attach to kinetochores. Which phase is this?

Accepted Answer

Prometaphase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of centrosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They organize the spindle apparatus and help separate chromosomes.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about duplicated and unduplicated chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Duplicated chromosomes consist of two sister chromatids joined at a centromere.

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S (synthesis) phase

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of polar (non-kinetochore) microtubules during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They interact with microtubules from the opposite pole to elongate the cell.

Question 14

A mutation prevents the formation of kinetochores in a cell. What is the most likely consequence during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Spindle fibers will not attach to chromosomes, preventing proper segregation.

Question 15

Which of the following events occurs during telophase?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelopes reform around separated chromosomes.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases.

Question 17

A researcher observes a cell with a visible cleavage furrow but no cell plate. What type of cell is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Animal cell undergoing cytokinesis

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of mitotic phases?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a somatic cell?

Accepted Answer

A non-reproductive body cell that divides by mitosis

Question 20

If a drug disrupts microtubule formation, which process will be directly affected during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Spindle apparatus assembly and chromosome segregation

Mitosis and Cell Division: Structure, Process, and Key Terms

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