Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while meiosis produces cells with half the chromosome number.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. After mitosis and cytokinesis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell contain?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs during prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 5

If a diploid cell with $$2n = 8$$ undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for moving chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitotic spindle

Question 7

In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage furrow formation

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase

Question 9

A mutation occurs in the gene encoding separase, preventing it from functioning. What is the most likely consequence during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids will not separate during anaphase.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes controlling the same inherited characters.

Question 11

In binary fission, which of the following occurs FIRST?

Accepted Answer

The chromosome replicates beginning at the origin of replication.

Question 12

A cell is observed with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate, each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids. Which phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase of mitosis

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically different from their parents?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis create new combinations of alleles.

Question 14

If a cell with $$n = 3$$ undergoes meiosis, how many possible combinations of chromosomes can result from independent assortment alone?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the products of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Each cell contains a haploid set of unduplicated chromosomes.

Question 16

A researcher observes a cell with homologous chromosomes paired and crossing over occurring. Which stage is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I of meiosis

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of cell division in multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Growth, development, and tissue renewal

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a clone?

Accepted Answer

A group of genetically identical individuals produced by asexual reproduction

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 20

Which of the following statements about gametes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Gametes are haploid cells produced by meiosis.

Mitosis, Meiosis, and Binary Fission: Mechanisms of Cell Division and Genetic Variation

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