Question 1

Which experiment provided the first conclusive evidence that DNA is the genetic material responsible for inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase experiment

Question 2

Which feature of DNA enables it to store genetic information and support high diversity in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Its sequence of nitrogenous bases

Question 3

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

Transcription produces mRNA from DNA, while translation synthesizes proteins from mRNA.

Question 5

Which statement about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is universal and non-overlapping.

Question 6

A mutation that changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop codon) is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 8

If a male inherits an X-linked recessive trait, what is the probability that he will express the trait?

Accepted Answer

100%

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Ligase

Question 10

Which of the following mutations is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 11

Which formula correctly represents the relationship between the number of adenine (A) and thymine (T) bases in a double-stranded DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T$$

Question 12

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 13

Which of the following best describes Down's syndrome in terms of chromosomal abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 14

Which process leads to recombination in linked genes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the translation initiation complex?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 16

Which term describes a mutation where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 18

Which equation represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 19

A patient is found to have a frameshift mutation in the gene coding for hemoglobin. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

A completely altered protein sequence downstream of the mutation

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Molecular Basis of Inheritance, Gene Expression, and Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

Study Guide - Practice Questions