Q: A DNA strand has the sequence $$5'\text{–}GGCATAGGT\text{–}3'. $$What is the complementary sequence on the other strand?

$$3'\text{–}CCGTATCCA\text{–}5'$$

Question 1

Which experiment provided strong evidence that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material responsible for inheritance in cells?

Accepted Answer

Hershey and Chase's experiment using bacteriophages and radioactive labeling

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the minimum number of nucleotides required to code for $$n$$ amino acids, given the triplet nature of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

$$n 	imes 3$$

Question 4

A DNA strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{–}GGCATAGGT	ext{–}3'. $$What is the complementary sequence on the other strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{–}CCGTATCCA	ext{–}5'$$

Question 5

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining short fragments of DNA on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly compares DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 7

What would be the result if a mutation changed a start codon in mRNA to a different codon?

Accepted Answer

Translation would begin at the next available start codon, possibly producing a shorter protein.

Question 8

Which process describes the uptake of DNA from the surrounding environment by a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 9

A single nucleotide substitution in a gene changes a codon from $$UUA ($$coding for leucine) to $$UAA. $$What is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Translation will terminate prematurely, resulting in a shortened protein.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT directly involved in translation?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 11

What is the function of the promoter region in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a binding site for RNA polymerase and determines where transcription starts.

Question 12

Why are most eukaryotic genes longer than the mRNA that leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Because introns are removed and only exons are spliced together in the final mRNA.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA matches its anticodon to the mRNA codon and delivers the correct amino acid.

Question 14

Which mechanism allows a virus to perpetuate its genes without destroying its host cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysogenic cycle

Question 15

What makes prions unique among infectious agents?

Accepted Answer

They are composed only of protein and lack nucleic acids.

Question 16

Which equation represents the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA helix contains one old strand and one new strand: $$	ext{New DNA} = 	ext{Old Strand} + 	ext{New Strand}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of R plasmids in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for enzymes that destroy antibiotics, leading to antibiotic resistance.

Question 18

Translate the RNA sequence $$CCA\ UUU\ ACG$$ into the corresponding amino acid sequence using the genetic code.

Accepted Answer

Proline - Phenylalanine - Threonine

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of ribosomes during translation?

Accepted Answer

They coordinate the functioning of mRNA and tRNA and catalyze the synthesis of polypeptides.

Molecular Biology of the Gene: Structure, Function, and Expression

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