Question 1

Which of the following best explains why DNA has a constant width along its double helix structure?

Accepted Answer

Because complementary base pairing always involves a purine paired with a pyrimidine.

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE about the directionality of nucleic acid polymerization?

Accepted Answer

Polymerization is directional, occurring only on the 5' to 3' end.

Question 3

A scientist is comparing the structures of DNA and RNA. Which of the following is a key difference between the two molecules?

Accepted Answer

DNA is typically double-stranded and RNA is typically single-stranded.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates can serve as building blocks, energy storage, and structural support.

Question 6

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in cellulose, making it difficult for most organisms to digest?

Accepted Answer

Beta-1,4 glycosidic linkage

Question 7

A patient is unable to break down lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of bond in lactose is the patient unable to hydrolyze?

Accepted Answer

Beta-1,4 glycosidic bond

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of oligosaccharides on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell surface recognition and interactions.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of RNA that is NOT a function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Catalysis (as a ribozyme)

Question 10

Which of the following is the general chemical formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_n\mathrm{H}_{2n}\mathrm{O}_n$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about lipid structure is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are hydrophobic molecules that contain mostly nonpolar C-H bonds.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the difference between glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the arrangement of hydroxyl groups around carbon 4.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why starch and glycogen are good energy storage molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are highly branched, allowing rapid release of glucose units.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA strands are antiparallel and form a double helix.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides with beta-glycosidic linkages in plants?

Accepted Answer

Structural support

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is NOT a nucleotide or nucleic acid derivative?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of monosaccharide polymerization?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkages formed through dehydration reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA?

Accepted Answer

It has an overall negative charge.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of carbohydrates in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Oligosaccharides on cell surfaces are used to determine blood type.

Molecules of Life: Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Lipids

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