Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary, cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary, and smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary.

Question 2

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 3

During skeletal muscle contraction, which protein does calcium bind to, initiating the exposure of myosin-binding sites on actin?

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions ($$Ca^{2+}) $$necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 5

A marathon runner’s leg muscles are likely to have a high proportion of which type of skeletal muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type I (slow, red, oxidative)

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures from largest to smallest in skeletal muscle organization?

Accepted Answer

Muscle → Fascicle → Muscle fiber → Myofibril

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why calcium is required in the diet for proper muscle function?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin, allowing actin-myosin interaction and muscle contraction.

Question 8

Which of the following structures is unique to cardiac muscle and is essential for synchronized contraction?

Accepted Answer

Intercalated discs

Question 9

A patient with a mutation affecting the gap junctions in cardiac muscle would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired electrical conduction leading to arrhythmias

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It transmits the action potential from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber via acetylcholine.

Question 11

Which band in the sarcomere contains only thin filaments and shortens during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

I band

Question 12

Which of the following is a property shared by all muscle tissue types?

Accepted Answer

Contractility

Question 13

Which of the following statements about smooth muscle is correct?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle contraction is weak, slow, and involuntary.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 15

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber is most adapted for rapid, precise, and fine movements, such as those required for eye movement?

Accepted Answer

Type IIb (fast, white glycolytic)

Question 16

Which structure in skeletal muscle is responsible for transmitting the action potential deep into the muscle fiber, ensuring uniform contraction?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (T) tubules

Question 17

A sprinter’s leg muscles are likely to have a high proportion of which type of skeletal muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type IIa (fast, intermediate oxidative-glycolytic)

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for the force generated by a muscle, assuming the cross-sectional area is $$A$$ and the specific tension is $$T$$?

Accepted Answer

$$F = T 	imes A$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of hormones

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the repair potential of cardiac muscle compared to skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle has limited repair potential because it lacks satellite cells.

Muscle Tissue: Structure, Function, and Types

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