Q: Which equation correctly represents the net movement of ions by the sodium-potassium pump during one cycle?

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ \text{out},\ 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main functional divisions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the myelin sheath of their neurons. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Slower propagation of nerve impulses along the axon

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the net movement of ions by the sodium-potassium pump during one cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ 	ext{out},\ 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 4

Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

During an action potential, which event occurs immediately after the membrane potential reaches threshold?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing $$\mathrm{Na}^+ to $$enter the cell

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential of a neuron is typically around $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$?

Accepted Answer

There is a higher concentration of $$\mathrm{Na}^+$$ outside and $$\mathrm{K}^+$$ inside, with negatively charged proteins trapped inside the cell

Question 7

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which pathway correctly describes the flow of information in this reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron $$\rightarrow$$ interneuron $$\rightarrow$$ motor neuron

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Relaying sensory information to the appropriate region of the cerebrum

Question 9

Which process allows large molecules, such as neurotransmitters, to be released from a neuron into the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

It cushions the brain and spinal cord, removes waste, and distributes nutrients and ions

Question 11

A neuron is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated potassium channels. What is the most likely effect on the action potential?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization will be delayed, prolonging the action potential

Question 12

Which structure connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 13

Which equation best represents the change in membrane potential during depolarization of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{m}$$ increases from $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$ toward $$+30\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next (saltatory conduction)

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for stimulating muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists of myelinated axons; gray matter consists of neuronal cell bodies

Question 17

A patient is unable to maintain balance and coordinate muscle activity. Which brain structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal $$\rightarrow$$ voltage-gated $$\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$$ channels open $$\rightarrow$$ neurotransmitter released $$\rightarrow$$ neurotransmitter binds to receptors on postsynaptic cell

Question 19

Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Nervous System: Structure and Function

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