Question 1

When a polymer of 5 subunits is formed via dehydration synthesis, how many molecules of water are released?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 2

Which type of reaction is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers, and what is the general name for this process?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; breakdown

Question 3

What is the name of the covalent bond that connects monosaccharides together in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic

Question 4

Which of the following atoms is NOT found in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen

Question 5

A carbohydrate molecule with the formula $C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$ is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 6

Which carbon in a glucose molecule is always involved in the formation of the ring structure (start counting from the top of the chain)?

Accepted Answer

1 (the carbonyl carbon)

Question 7

The atoms connected to which carbon determine whether a monosaccharide is in its alpha- or beta-anomeric form?

Accepted Answer

1

Question 8

Which type of starch is most structurally similar to glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Amylopectin

Question 9

What is the main difference between cellulose and starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose uses glucose $\beta$-anomers, and starch uses glucose $\alpha$-anomers.

Question 10

Which carbon of the pentose sugar in a nucleotide is bound to the phosphate group?

Accepted Answer

5'

Question 11

Which carbon determines whether a nucleotide is part of DNA or RNA?

Accepted Answer

2'

Question 12

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is found only in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 13

What is the name of the covalent bond that connects nucleotides together in a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester

Question 14

Which two carbons are involved in the formation of the covalent bond between adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

3' and 5'

Question 15

The primary way in which the two strands of DNA are connected is:

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the 'reverse' in the term 'reverse complementary' when referring to DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', while the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 17

Which of the following is a DNA strand that is complementary to 3' AGCCTT 5'?

Accepted Answer

5' TCGGAA 3'

Question 18

A DNA molecule with a higher proportion of which base pair will denature at a higher temperature?

Accepted Answer

G-C base pairs

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT evidence that a nucleic acid molecule is DNA rather than RNA?

Accepted Answer

The molecule has a 2' hydroxyl group.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why RNA can have a greater variety of functions than DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA is single stranded and can form many different structures.

Nucleic Acids and Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Key Concepts

Study Guide - Practice Questions