Question 1

Which of the following best explains why DNA is more chemically stable than RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, which lacks a hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon, making it less reactive than ribose in RNA.

Question 2

During DNA replication, which type of bond is formed between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon of the next nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the directionality of a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

It grows from the 5' end to the 3' end, with a free phosphate group at the 5' end and a free hydroxyl group at the 3' end.

Question 4

Which base pairing occurs in DNA and is stabilized by three hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Guanine-Cytosine

Question 5

A mutation replaces thymine with uracil in a DNA molecule. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The DNA will be less protected from damage, as uracil lacks the methyl group present in thymine.

Question 6

Which statement best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of RNA compared to DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA contains ribose, which has a hydroxyl group at the 2' carbon, making it less stable than DNA.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides along the DNA strand that encodes instructions for synthesizing a particular protein or functional RNA molecule.

Question 9

Which process involves copying only specific sections of DNA to produce RNA molecules needed for current cellular functions?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

If a gene is 100 bases long, how many possible combinations of nucleotide sequences can exist for that gene?

Accepted Answer

$$4^{100}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds, and guanine pairs with cytosine via three hydrogen bonds.

Question 12

Which feature of the DNA double helix allows proteins to recognize specific sequences for gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

The major groove, which provides greater access to the nitrogenous bases

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond

Question 14

What is the primary function of the genome in a living organism?

Accepted Answer

To store all genetic information required for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction

Question 15

Which of the following statements about chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are organized structures of DNA that contain many genes and regulatory elements.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleoside contains a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base, while a nucleotide also includes one or more phosphate groups.

Question 17

Which of the following is a pyrimidine found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 18

During transcription, which base in RNA pairs with adenine in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the antiparallel nature of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs from 5' to 3', while the other runs from 3' to 5'.

Question 20

Which process ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genetic material during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Ch 4 lecture

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