Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

Information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 2

What is the correct sequence of events in gene expression in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, movement of mRNA to cytoplasm, translation

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A carboxyl group

Question 4

Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 5

What type of bond links nucleotides together in a polynucleotide chain?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 6

Which statement about the structure of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, with antiparallel strands held together by complementary base pairing.

Question 7

If a segment of DNA has the sequence 5'-ATCG-3', what is the complementary sequence on the opposite strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGC-5'

Question 8

Which of the following correctly matches the number of hydrogen bonds between base pairs in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine-Thymine: 2, Guanine-Cytosine: 3

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why nucleic acids are called 'acids'?

Accepted Answer

They have phosphate groups that can release protons.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about RNA is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

RNA is usually single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for copying information from DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 12

What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

Ribose has a hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon; deoxyribose has a hydrogen.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are the processes of gene expression.

Question 14

Which of the following is a purine?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 15

A mutation changes a cytosine in DNA to a thymine. Which type of base pairing is affected?

Accepted Answer

Guanine-Cytosine (3 H-bonds) replaced by Adenine-Thymine (2 H-bonds)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the polarity of a polynucleotide strand?

Accepted Answer

It has a 5' phosphate end and a 3' hydroxyl end.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the relationship between DNA and RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA is complementary and anti-parallel to the DNA template strand.

Question 18

Which of the following macromolecules is NOT a polymer of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for the hydrolysis of a dinucleotide?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Dinucleotide} + H_2O \rightarrow \mathrm{Nucleotide}_1 + \mathrm{Nucleotide}_2$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct real-world application of the Central Dogma?

Accepted Answer

A genetic mutation in DNA can lead to a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Chapter 5 Part C: (Nucleic Acids: Structure, Function, and Gene Expression)

Study Guide - Practice Questions