Q: Which of the following best describes active transport across a cell membrane?

$\text{Molecules move from low to high concentration; ATP is used.}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Disperses nutrients and dissolves waste products

Question 2

A person consumes a diet high in processed foods and low in whole foods. Which of the following is a likely consequence of this dietary pattern?

Accepted Answer

Reduced intake of vitamins, minerals, and fiber

Question 3

Which macronutrient is the primary source of energy for most cells in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 4

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps, confusion, and increased heart rate after a long hike without adequate water. Which physiological process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Water balance and hydration

Question 5

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is correct?

Accepted Answer

It adds bulk to feces and lowers cholesterol

Question 6

Which vitamin can be synthesized by the human body with the help of sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D

Question 7

A fat molecule with at least one double bond between carbon atoms in its fatty acid tails is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fat

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They increase the risk of clogged arteries and heart disease

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of minerals in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Build bones and teeth, and help with nerve impulses

Question 10

A vegetarian combines rice and beans in a meal. What is the nutritional significance of this combination?

Accepted Answer

It forms a complete protein with all essential amino acids

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

A cell is placed in pure water. What will happen to the cell due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis will cause water to move into the cell

Question 14

Which process uses transport proteins to move hydrophilic molecules across the plasma membrane without using energy?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

Which of the following best describes active transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Molecules move from low to high concentration; ATP is used.}$

Question 16

A large molecule is expelled from a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following statements about vitamins is correct?

Accepted Answer

Most vitamins function as coenzymes in metabolic reactions

Question 18

Which organelle is found only in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 19

A patient is taking high doses of a fat-soluble vitamin supplement. Which risk is associated with this practice?

Accepted Answer

Toxic accumulation in body fat

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Nutrients and Membrane Transport: Study Notes

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