$$1\ \text{calorie} = \text{energy required to raise the temperature of } 1\ \text{g of water by } 1^\circ\text{C}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for lipase action.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in the enzyme amylase. Which of the following would most likely be impaired in this individual?

Accepted Answer

The hydrolysis of starch into maltose and glucose

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that food passes through during human digestion?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Esophagus → Cardiac Sphincter → Stomach → Pyloric Sphincter → Duodenum → Small Intestine → Large Intestine → Rectum → Anus

Question 4

A person with a genetic inability to produce sodium bicarbonate in the pancreas would most likely experience which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Failure to neutralize acidic chyme entering the duodenum

Question 5

Which of the following statements about essential nutrients is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Essential nutrients must be obtained directly from the diet because the body cannot synthesize them.

Question 6

A person with a Helicobacter pylori infection is most at risk for developing which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Gastric ulcers

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why vitamins are considered essential nutrients?

Accepted Answer

They function mainly as assistants to enzymes and cannot be synthesized by the body.

Question 8

If a person’s diet lacks one or more essential amino acids, which of the following conditions is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the colon in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

It absorbs water from the alimentary canal and forms feces.

Question 10

A person consumes a meal high in fat. Which of the following sequence of events best describes the digestion and absorption of these fats?

Accepted Answer

Fats are emulsified by bile in the duodenum, hydrolyzed by lipase into fatty acids and monoglycerides, and absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the definition of a calorie?

Accepted Answer

$$1\ 	ext{calorie} = 	ext{energy required to raise the temperature of } 1\ 	ext{g of water by } 1^\circ	ext{C}$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical digestion physically breaks down food, while chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down polymers into monomers.

Question 13

A person with a deficiency in vitamin K would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Problems with blood clotting

Question 14

Which of the following statements about metabolic rate is correct?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic rate is the rate of energy consumption per day.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of bacteria in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Production of vitamin K and B-vitamins

Question 16

A person who voluntarily restricts food intake due to a distorted body image and fear of gaining weight is most likely suffering from which disorder?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why lipase cannot efficiently digest fats without the action of bile?

Accepted Answer

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing their surface area for lipase to act upon.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Production of bile to emulsify fats

Question 19

A person with undernutrition is most likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate intake of all nutrients

Nutrition and Digestion in Animals

Study Guide - Practice Questions