$\text{Total Energy (kcal)} = (\text{grams of carbohydrate} \times 4) + (\text{grams of protein} \times 4) + (\text{grams of fat} \times 9)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the small intestine in the human digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients through specialized structures

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for converting trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin, in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Enteropeptidase

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with a peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. Which part of the digestive system is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Stomach

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered an essential nutrient for humans?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 5

Which feeding behavior is characterized by animals that consume both plant and animal matter?

Accepted Answer

Omnivores

Question 6

During swallowing, which structure prevents food from entering the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the liver in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Producing bile to emulsify fats

Question 8

A person consumes a meal high in starch. Which enzyme begins the chemical digestion of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 9

Which of the following is a possible consequence of a diet deficient in calcium?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood clotting and weak bones

Question 10

Which process is responsible for moving food through the esophagus to the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy content of food measured in kilocalories?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Total Energy (kcal)} = (	ext{grams of carbohydrate} 	imes 4) + (	ext{grams of protein} 	imes 4) + (	ext{grams of fat} 	imes 9)$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of food passage through the human digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine

Question 13

Which of the following statements about essential amino acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They must be obtained from dietary sources

Question 14

A person with a diet high in saturated fats is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Reclaiming water and compacting feces

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 17

Which of the following is a likely result of a deficiency in vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

Scurvy

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ruminants, such as cows, have a multi-chambered stomach?

Accepted Answer

To efficiently digest cellulose from plant material

Question 19

Which hormone is primarily involved in regulating appetite and fat storage in humans?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Nutrition & Digestion: Structure, Function, and Human Health

Study Guide - Practice Questions