Q: What is the main function of parietal cells in the stomach?

Secretion of H\textsuperscript{+} and Cl\textsuperscript{-} to form hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial breakdown of starches in the oral cavity, and what is the primary product of its action?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase; smaller polysaccharides and maltose

Question 2

What is the main function of parietal cells in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of H	extsuperscript{+} and Cl	extsuperscript{-} to form hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 3

Which hormone stimulates the pancreas to release digestive enzymes and the gallbladder to release bile in response to fats in the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 4

During carbohydrate digestion, which sequence correctly describes the breakdown from polysaccharides to absorbable units?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ disaccharides $\rightarrow$ monosaccharides

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cells, lowering blood glucose levels

Question 6

A patient with Type I diabetes is unable to regulate blood sugar because:

Accepted Answer

Their immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, preventing insulin production

Question 7

Which process in the digestive system is responsible for moving food through the alimentary canal?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 8

Which enzyme is secreted by chief cells in the stomach, and what is its inactive form?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin; pepsinogen

Question 9

What is the primary function of villi and microvilli in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the enzyme with its substrate and product?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic amylase; polysaccharides $\rightarrow$ disaccharides

Question 11

Which hormone is released when the stomach is stretched and stimulates gastric juice production?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 12

A person eats a meal high in protein. Which sequence of enzymes is primarily responsible for protein digestion from the stomach to the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin $\rightarrow$ trypsin and chymotrypsin $\rightarrow$ carboxypeptidases and aminopeptidases

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 14

Which process generates ATP for cellular work and synthesis of molecules?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why fiber (cellulose) is not absorbed in the human digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzymes to break down cellulose

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of organs food passes through in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Mouth $\rightarrow$ esophagus $\rightarrow$ stomach $\rightarrow$ small intestine $\rightarrow$ large intestine $\rightarrow$ rectum $\rightarrow$ anus

Question 17

Which of the following is a major difference between Type I and Type II diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder destroying beta cells, while Type II is characterized by insulin resistance

Question 18

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of nucleic acids into nucleotides in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic nucleases

Question 19

If a person has a blockage in the common bile duct, which digestive process would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and absorption of lipids

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the fate of energy from food that is not used for biosynthesis or cellular work?

Accepted Answer

It is lost as heat or in waste products

The Human Digestive System: Study Notes for General Biology (33.3)

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