Q: Every living organism abides by the 1st law of thermodynamics. Which equation best represents this law?

$$\text{Energy input} - \text{energy output} = \text{stored energy}$$

Question 1

Which hormone did Dr. Friedman discover that determines if a mouse was obese?

Accepted Answer

leptin

Question 2

Obesity contributes to which of the following diseases? 
1) Type II diabetes 
2) Hypertension (high blood pressure) 
3) Coronary heart disease 
4) Hepatic Steatosis ("NASH" - fatty liver)

Accepted Answer

1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 3

Which of the following best defines obesity?

Accepted Answer

The amount of fat and its distribution which have health consequences.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a problem faced when using BMI calculations?

Accepted Answer

It accurately measures body fat distribution.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a cause of obesity discussed in the lecture?

Accepted Answer

McDonald's and other fast food restaurants

Question 6

Every living organism abides by the 1st law of thermodynamics. Which equation best represents this law?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy input} - 	ext{energy output} = 	ext{stored energy}$$

Question 7

What explains the phenotypic variability of a 400 lb. individual to a 100 lb. individual in an environment where people rarely go hungry anymore?

Accepted Answer

genes

Question 8

Obesity has a higher heritable correlation than diabetes. Is this statement true?

Accepted Answer

Yes

Question 9

In the absence of leptin, what happens to obesity?

Accepted Answer

obesity increases

Question 10

A normal individual with high levels of fat tissue can be expected to:

Accepted Answer

make lots of leptin and eat less.

Question 11

What are two genetic reasons that cause people to become obese?

Accepted Answer

Leptin deficiency and leptin insensitivity

Question 12

Leptin interacts directly with which type of cells?

Accepted Answer

nerve cells

Question 13

Genetics affects what percentage of obesity by a single gene defect?

Accepted Answer

5%

Question 14

Do other organs/hormones in our body play a role in regulating body fat?

Accepted Answer

Yes, they regulate appetite.

Question 15

How is age related to how much leptin is produced?

Accepted Answer

With age, leptin sensitivity decreases.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between leptin and appetite?

Accepted Answer

High leptin levels decrease appetite.

Question 17

Which study design provides the strongest evidence for the heritability of obesity?

Accepted Answer

Twin studies: monozygotic twins separated at birth

Question 18

Which of the following is a limitation of BMI as a measure of obesity?

Accepted Answer

BMI does not account for body fat distribution.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about emotional factors and weight is correct?

Accepted Answer

Emotional factors strongly affect weight.

Question 20

Which equation is used to calculate BMI?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{BMI} = \frac{	ext{Weight (kg)}}{	ext{Height (m)}^2}$$

Obesity, Leptin, and the Genetic and Physiological Regulation of Body Fat

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