Q: Which equation represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}$

Question 1

Which organelle is found only in plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 2

According to the Endosymbiont Theory, which organelles are believed to have originated from free-living prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 3

Which cellular component is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic DNA and eukaryotic nuclear DNA?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic DNA is circular and eukaryotic DNA is linear

Question 5

Which organelle is found only in animal cells and is responsible for breaking down waste materials?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 6

Which structure is present in prokaryotes but absent in most eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 7

A scientist discovers a cell with a cell wall, ribosomes, and a nucleoid region, but no membrane-bound organelles. What type of cell is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm, excluding organelles

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the process of photosynthesis occurring in plant cell chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$

Question 10

Which organelle is surrounded by a double membrane and contains its own DNA, supporting the Endosymbiont Theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

A mutation affects the ribosomal RNA in a cell. Which process would be most directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell wall in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the passage of substances into the cell

Question 13

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for storing water and maintaining turgor pressure?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 14

Which cellular structure is responsible for the synthesis of proteins and is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 15

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both contain their own circular DNA

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Which type of organism does this cell most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered semi-autonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing some independent protein synthesis

Question 18

Which equation represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Which of the following is a similarity between prokaryotic DNA and mitochondrial DNA?

Accepted Answer

Both are circular and lack histones

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