Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in the context of organic polymers?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds polymers from monomers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 2

A polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in animals is:

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 3

Which of the following statements about cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls and is not digestible by humans.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the fatty acid chains that prevent tight packing.

Question 5

A dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules results in the formation of which disaccharide and what byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Maltose and $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that results in a single amino acid substitution in hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why proteins denature when exposed to high temperatures?

Accepted Answer

High temperatures disrupt hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions, causing the protein to lose its three-dimensional shape.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 10

A phospholipid differs from a triglyceride in that a phospholipid:

Accepted Answer

Contains two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group attached to glycerol.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why starch and cellulose, both polymers of glucose, have different properties?

Accepted Answer

They have different types of glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers.

Question 14

A mutation causes a protein to lose all of its disulfide bridges. Which amino acid is most likely affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Cysteine

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{DNA} ightarrow \mathrm{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids and its biological significance?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, enabling them to form bilayers that make up cell membranes.

Question 17

A patient is unable to digest milk sugar (lactose) due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which class of biological molecules does lactase belong to, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Protein; catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base with its category?

Accepted Answer

Guanine – purine

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why hydrophobic amino acids are typically found in the interior of a folded protein?

Accepted Answer

They avoid contact with water, stabilizing the protein's structure by clustering together inside the protein.

Organic Compounds: Structure and Function in Biology

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