Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers in organic macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are small molecules that join together to form polymers through dehydration synthesis reactions.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of glycosidic bonds. Which class of macromolecules will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for glucose, a common monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals, while starch can?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose has $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic bonds, which most animals lack enzymes to break, while starch has $$\alpha-1$$,4 bonds that are easily hydrolyzed.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 6

A mutation causes a change in the primary structure of a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure could be affected as a result?

Accepted Answer

All levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 7

Which of the following statements about amino acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

All amino acids have a central (alpha) carbon bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of denaturation in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Loss of a protein's three-dimensional structure due to changes in temperature or pH, resulting in loss of function.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct match between a protein function and its example?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic protein – digestive enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of food molecules

Question 10

A scientist is studying a protein that consists of four polypeptide chains. Which level of protein structure is being described?

Accepted Answer

Quaternary structure

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the formation of disaccharides is correct?

Accepted Answer

A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a dehydration reaction, releasing a molecule of water.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why proteins are considered the 'tools' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Proteins perform a wide variety of functions, including catalysis, transport, defense, signaling, and structural support.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a carbohydrate and its function in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen – energy storage in liver and muscle cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Starch is the main energy storage polysaccharide in plants, while glycogen is the main energy storage polysaccharide in animals.

Question 16

A person is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of macromolecule is directly involved in this process?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer-polymer pair?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid – protein

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions, allowing them to occur rapidly at body temperature.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Each amino acid contains a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group ($$-NH_2$), a carboxyl group (-$$COOH$$), a hydrogen atom, and a unique R group.

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates and Proteins

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