Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to serve as the backbone for a wide variety of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form four covalent bonds with other atoms

Question 2

Which functional group is characterized by the formula $$-NH_2$ and acts as a base by accepting protons?

Accepted Answer

Amino group

Question 3

A dehydration synthesis reaction is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins monomers to form polymers by removing a water molecule

Question 4

Which of the following functional groups is found in ATP and is critical for energy transfer in cells?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$^{2-})$$

Question 5

Which reaction type is both anabolic and endergonic?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 6

A catabolic reaction in a cell is most likely to be:

Accepted Answer

Exergonic and break down large molecules

Question 7

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$-COOH)$$

Question 8

During hydrolysis, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added to break a polymer into monomers

Question 9

Which functional group is most likely to form disulfide bridges in proteins, stabilizing their tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$-SH)$$

Question 10

A molecule with the formula $$-CH_3$ is known as which functional group, and what is its effect on gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group; can silence genes by attaching to DNA

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that releases energy to its surroundings

Question 12

Which functional group is found in sugars and is responsible for their solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 13

A student mixes two amino acids together and observes the formation of a peptide bond. Which type of reaction has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 14

Which functional group is present in aldehydes and ketones and is important in sugar structure?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl group ($$\u003eC=O)$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of a catabolic, exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration in humans

Question 16

Which functional group is most likely to be found in DNA and RNA, contributing to their negative charge?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$-PO_4$^{2-})$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about anabolic reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

They require energy input and build complex molecules from simpler ones

Question 18

A scientist observes that a reaction in a cell absorbs energy and forms a new covalent bond. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reaction

Question 19

Which functional group is most likely to increase the solubility of a molecule in water due to its polarity?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why carbon can form such a diversity of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds with a variety of atoms, allowing for branching and ring structures

Organic Molecules: Carbon Chemistry and Biological Macromolecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions