Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a condensation (dehydration synthesis) reaction and a hydrolysis reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Condensation reactions join monomers to form polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis reactions break polymers into monomers by adding water.

Question 2

A polymer consisting of 10 monomers is completely hydrolyzed. How many molecules of water are required for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

$9$

Question 3

Which functional group is most likely to be charged at physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($-COOH$)

Question 4

Which property of water is primarily responsible for its ability to dissolve ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 5

During the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids, which type of reaction occurs and what is the byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Condensation; water is produced

Question 6

Which of the following statements about hydrogen bonding in water is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in water contribute to its high specific heat and surface tension.

Question 7

Which functional group is found in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($-NH_2$)

Question 8

Glucose and fructose are both hexoses. Which structural feature distinguishes them?

Accepted Answer

Glucose has an aldehyde group, while fructose has a ketone group.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the mass of a polymer produced by condensation is less than the sum of the masses of its monomer reactants?

Accepted Answer

A molecule of water is removed for each covalent bond formed between monomers.

Question 10

Which of the following functional groups is non-polar and least likely to participate in hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($-CH_3$)

Question 11

A scientist is studying the movement of water up a tree. Which property of water is most directly responsible for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the orientation of functional groups in monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

The orientation of functional groups around a carbon atom determines the isomer of the sugar.

Question 13

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to be found in a charged state at physiological pH?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($-PO_4^{2-}$)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of polymerase in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase catalyzes condensation reactions to combine monomers into polymers.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve non-polar substances

Question 16

Which functional group is present in cysteine and is important for forming disulfide bonds in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($-SH$)

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the charged and uncharged forms of the carboxyl and amino groups at physiological pH is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl groups are negatively charged and amino groups are positively charged at physiological pH.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are formed by the covalent bonding of smaller molecules called monomers.

Question 19

Which functional group is most likely to act as a lubricant and allow molecules to adhere to cellulose in plants?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($-OH$)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds limit the motion of water molecules and require a lot of energy to break.

Organic Molecules, Functional Groups, and Carbohydrates: Structure and Properties

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