Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of Domain Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Reproduction exclusively by binary fission

Question 2

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which prokaryotic group is most closely related to the ancestor of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-proteobacteria

Question 3

Which evolutionary trend is observed in the transition from unicellular to multicellular eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Increase in complexity and division of labor

Question 4

Which of the following provides the strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes

Question 5

A scientist discovers a new eukaryotic organism with plastids surrounded by four membranes. What does this suggest about the evolutionary history of its plastids?

Accepted Answer

They likely resulted from secondary or tertiary endosymbiosis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the 9+2 arrangement found in eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two single microtubules

Question 7

Which process is responsible for the genetic recombination observed in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Syngamy

Question 8

If a eukaryotic cell lost its cytoskeleton, which of the following would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of cell shape and intracellular transport

Question 9

Which hypothesis explains the origin of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Invagination of the plasma membrane

Question 10

A mutation prevents a eukaryotic cell from performing meiosis. Which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The cell cannot produce gametes with half the chromosome number

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct advantage for a host cell that acquired a photosynthetic endosymbiont?

Accepted Answer

Access to monosaccharides produced by photosynthesis

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce independently of the host cell's division cycle?

Accepted Answer

They divide by binary fission, similar to bacteria

Question 13

Which of the following evolutionary innovations is most directly associated with the increase in size and complexity of eukaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Development of multicellularity and division of labor

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the origin of eukaryotic cells is supported by current evidence?

Accepted Answer

Both invagination and endosymbiotic events contributed to eukaryotic cell complexity

Question 15

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic chromosomes compared to prokaryotic chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are linear and paired

Question 16

A researcher is studying a eukaryotic cell that lacks chloroplasts but contains mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The cell is a heterotrophic eukaryote

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of syngamy in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of two haploid cells to form a diploid zygote

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

The presence of mitochondria in animal cells that contain their own DNA

Question 19

Which of the following evolutionary 'catalysts' contributed most directly to the diversification of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Emergence of mitosis, meiosis, and multicellularity

Origin, Radiation, and Diversity of Eukaryotes (Lecture 10)

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