Q: Which equation represents the rule of multiplication in probability for independent genetic events?

$$P(A \times B) = P(A) \times P(B)$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes Mendel's law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Pairs of alleles segregate during gamete formation, and each gamete carries only one allele for each character.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp ($$where $$P is $$purple and $$p is $$white) is crossed with another $$Pp$$ plant. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$ purple : $$1$$ white

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have many heritable features with distinct traits and their reproduction can be strictly controlled.

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two plants with genotype $$RrYy$$, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the $$F_2$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

A testcross is performed between a black Labrador (dominant phenotype, genotype unknown) and a chocolate Labrador (homozygous recessive). If half the offspring are black and half are chocolate, what is the genotype of the black Labrador?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous ($$Bb)$$

Question 6

Which equation represents the rule of multiplication in probability for independent genetic events?

Accepted Answer

$$P(A 	imes B) = P(A) 	imes P(B)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance in humans?

Accepted Answer

Hypercholesterolemia

Question 8

A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

Type A or B

Question 9

Which genetic concept is illustrated by sickle-cell disease affecting multiple body systems?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 10

Which statement about dominant traits is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant traits result from a heterozygous genotype expressing the dominant phenotype.

Question 11

If two carriers of cystic fibrosis ($$Ff) $$have a child, what is the probability that the child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute additively to a single trait.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about sex-linked genes?

Accepted Answer

Most are located on the X chromosome.

Question 14

A male with red-green colorblindness (X-linked recessive) and a female who is a carrier have a son. What is the probability that the son will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

$$1/2$$

Question 15

Which process is most responsible for the independent assortment of genes during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Random alignment of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood group, where both $$I^A$$ and $$I^B$$ alleles are expressed in type AB individuals

Question 17

Which statement about epigenetic inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves chemical modifications to DNA or chromosomal proteins that can be inherited.

Question 18

What is the genotype of a person with type O blood?

Accepted Answer

$$ii$$

Question 19

Which of the following disorders is caused by a dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

Achondroplasia

Question 20

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance

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