Q: Which equation would you use to calculate the probability of two independent events both occurring?

$$P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the blending hypothesis was rejected in favor of Mendel's model of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

It could not account for traits that disappeared in one generation and reappeared in later generations.

Question 2

A man with Huntington’s disease (a dominant disorder) marries a woman who does not have the disease. What is the probability that their child will inherit Huntington’s disease, assuming the man is heterozygous for the trait?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 3

In Mendel’s law of segregation, which phase of meiosis is the physical basis for the separation of alleles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 4

A plant with genotype $$AABbCC is $$crossed with a plant of genotype $$AaBbCc. $$What is the probability that an offspring will have genotype $$AABBCC$$? (Treat this as three separate monohybrid crosses.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{8}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene influences multiple phenotypic characters.

Question 6

A woman with type O blood and a man with type AB blood have children. Which blood types are possible for their offspring?

Accepted Answer

Type A and Type B

Question 7

Which of the following statements about sex-linked inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Males are more likely to express X-linked recessive disorders because they have only one X chromosome.

Question 8

In a dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both traits ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio according to Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 9

A testcross is performed between a Labrador retriever with normal eyes (unknown genotype) and a Labrador with PRA (homozygous recessive). Half the offspring have normal eyes and half have PRA. What is the genotype of the normal parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous (Nn)

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink flowers.

Question 11

Which equation would you use to calculate the probability of two independent events both occurring?

Accepted Answer

$$P(A 	ext{ and } B) = P(A) 	imes P(B)$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the chromosomal basis for Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

The random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I of meiosis.

Question 13

Linked genes are inherited together because:

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome.

Question 14

Crossing over during meiosis can result in:

Accepted Answer

Recombinant gametes with new combinations of alleles.

Question 15

A white-eyed female fruit fly (X^wX^w) is crossed with a red-eyed male (X^+Y). What will be the eye color of their offspring?

Accepted Answer

All female offspring will be red-eyed, all male offspring will be white-eyed.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human height, which is influenced by multiple genes.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about environmental effects on phenotype is correct?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors can influence the expression of genetic traits, as seen in skin color affected by sun exposure.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why King Henry VIII was wrong to blame his wives for bearing only daughters?

Accepted Answer

The male determines the sex of offspring because he can contribute either an X or Y chromosome.

Question 19

If neither Tom nor Sue has hemophilia (an X-linked recessive disorder), but their first son does, what is the probability that their next child will also have hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

25%

Patterns of Inheritance: Mendelian Genetics and Beyond

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