Question 1

A scientist uses water labeled with heavy oxygen ($$^{18}O) to $$trace the source of oxygen released during photosynthesis. Which equation best represents the process that results in the release of $$^{18}O as $$molecular oxygen?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2$$^{18}$$O \rightarrow 4H^+ + 4e^- + O_2$^{18} $$

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why plants contain multiple types of pigments in their chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

To absorb a wider range of wavelengths of light for photosynthesis

Question 3

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, which molecules are produced and subsequently used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

ATP and NADPH

Question 4

A plant placed in complete darkness for 24 hours will:

Accepted Answer

Take in O$$_2$$ and release CO$$_2$$ through respiration

Question 5

Which of the following statements correctly compares photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy; respiration releases it

Question 6

Chemiosmosis is a process that produces ATP by utilizing a proton gradient. In which cellular processes does chemiosmosis occur?

Accepted Answer

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 7

A mutation prevents the addition of polysaccharides to proteins in a cell. Which cellular structures and functions would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 8

Which molecule is responsible for transmitting signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cytoskeleton in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Integrins

Question 9

Gap junctions in animal cells allow for the passage of:

Accepted Answer

Ions and small molecules

Question 10

Steroid hormones, such as estrogen, exert their effects by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to intracellular receptors

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT found in plant cells but is a major component of animal extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 12

A patient has a genetic defect in integrin proteins. Which cellular function would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Connection between cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

H$$_2O$$ \rightarrow NADPH \rightarrow Calvin cycle

Question 14

Carotenoids are important in plant cells because they:

Accepted Answer

Protect against free radicals generated by excess light

Question 15

Which of the following structures is analogous to gap junctions in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasmodesmata

Question 16

The middle lamella in plant cells primarily functions in:

Accepted Answer

Adhesion between adjacent cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the composition of the plant extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates such as cellulose and pectin

Question 18

A biologist observes that chlorophyll absorbs light most efficiently in which regions of the visible spectrum?

Accepted Answer

Blue and red wavelengths

Question 19

Which of the following is a multi-step process that links the light reactions to the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are used to fix CO$$_2 in $$the Calvin cycle

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a component of the animal extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

Actin

Photosynthesis and Cell-Cell Interactions: Step-by-Step Study Guidance

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