Question 1

Which of the following best describes a photoautotroph?

Accepted Answer

An organism that uses light energy to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic substances.

Question 2

In the process of photosynthesis, which structure within the chloroplast is directly responsible for capturing solar energy?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 3

Which of the following statements about redox reactions in photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons as they are passed down an electron transport chain.

Question 4

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, which of the following molecules are produced?

Accepted Answer

ATP, NADPH, and O$$_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP synthase in the thylakoid membrane?

Accepted Answer

It phosphorylates ADP to form ATP using the energy from a proton gradient.

Question 6

What is the main reason siblings (excluding identical twins) with the same two biological parents are similar but not identical?

Accepted Answer

They have a similar but not identical combination of genes due to sexual reproduction.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells are generally larger, more complex, and have a membrane-enclosed nucleus.

Question 8

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does the cell spend most of its life, and what occurs during this phase?

Accepted Answer

Interphase; the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division.

Question 9

Which event distinguishes plant cell division from animal cell division?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a cell plate

Question 10

A researcher observes that cells in a tissue culture stop dividing when they become crowded. What is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Density-dependent inhibition, a physical factor that regulates cell growth.

Question 11

Which of the following best defines homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics.

Question 12

Nondisjunction is most likely to result in which of the following outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes due to failure of chromosome pairs to separate at anaphase.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the replacement of electrons lost from the reaction center of photosystem II during the light reactions?

Accepted Answer

They are replaced by electrons from water (H$$_2O).$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the electromagnetic spectrum?

Accepted Answer

The range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase: chromosomes align; Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms.

Question 16

Which of the following is a feature of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the stroma in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where sugars are synthesized during the Calvin cycle.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the arrangement of thylakoids in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of stomata in plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

They allow CO$$_2 to $$enter and O$$_2 to $$escape from the leaf.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the mitotic spindle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It begins to form during prophase and is responsible for aligning chromosomes during metaphase.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Reproduction: Study Guide (Chapters 7 & 8)

Study Guide - Practice Questions