Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between plant growth and animal growth?

Accepted Answer

Plant growth is generally indeterminate due to meristems, while animal growth is usually determinate.

Question 2

Which tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves in vascular plants?

Accepted Answer

Xylem

Question 3

A gardener cuts off the top of a young tree. Over the next few years, the tree becomes bushier. Which hormone and phenomenon explain this change?

Accepted Answer

Auxin and apical dominance

Question 4

Which adaptation allows mangrove trees to survive in waterlogged, oxygen-poor soils?

Accepted Answer

Pneumatophores

Question 5

If you carve your name into a tree trunk at eye level and return 20 years later, where will your carving be?

Accepted Answer

At the same height, but possibly distorted by secondary growth

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of the root apical meristem (RAM)?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 7

Which equation best represents the water potential ($$\Psi) in $$plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a secondary meristem responsible for increasing the girth of woody plants?

Accepted Answer

Vascular cambium

Question 9

What makes cork (outer bark) impermeable to water?

Accepted Answer

Suberin in cork cell walls

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the formation of annual rings in a tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

Seasonal variation in xylem cell size produced by the vascular cambium

Question 11

Which plant organ adaptation is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

Tendrils – climbing support

Question 12

Which process is directly stimulated by auxin in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall loosening and cell elongation

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a tissue found in the cross-section of a typical tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

Mesophyll

Question 14

Which hormone interaction controls the type of organogenesis in plant tissue culture?

Accepted Answer

Relative concentrations of auxin and cytokinin

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of tissue differentiation from the shoot apical meristem (SAM)?

Accepted Answer

SAM → primary meristems → ground, vascular, and dermal tissues

Question 16

Which adaptation is found in desert plants to reduce water loss?

Accepted Answer

Spines

Question 17

Which of the following is true about heartwood and sapwood in trees?

Accepted Answer

Heartwood is the inner, non-conducting xylem; sapwood is the outer, conducting xylem.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered a leaf in nonvascular plants?

Accepted Answer

Structures lacking vascular tissue

Question 19

Which type of cell division occurs in both the root apical meristem (RAM) and shoot apical meristem (SAM)?

Accepted Answer

Both anticlinal and periclinal division

Question 20

Which of the following is a multi-step process that occurs when a plant cell experiences auxin?

Accepted Answer

Auxin stimulates H$$^+$$ pumping into the cell wall, lowering pH, activating expansins, loosening cellulose, and allowing cell elongation.

Plant Growth and Adaptations: Structure, Function, and Development

Study Guide - Practice Questions