Question 1

Given the wolf population data: 43 $$FBFB$$, 32 $$FBFW$$, and 25 $$FWFW$$, what is the genotype frequency of $$FBFB$$ individuals? Use the formula $$	ext{Genotype frequency} = \frac{	ext{Number of individuals with genotype}}{	ext{Total population}}.$$

Accepted Answer

0.43

Question 2

Using the wolf population data, what is the frequency of the $$FB$$ allele? Use the formula $$	ext{Allele frequency} = \frac{2 	imes 	ext{Number of homozygotes} + 	ext{Number of heterozygotes}}{2 	imes 	ext{Total population}}.$$

Accepted Answer

0.59

Question 3

If the wolf population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what would be the expected number of individuals in each genotype? Use $$p^2$$, $$2pq$$, and $$q^2$$ for $$FBFB$$, $$FBFW$$, and $$FWFW$$ respectively.

Accepted Answer

FBFB = 35, FBFW = 48, FWFW = 17

Question 4

Based on the Hardy-Weinberg expectation and a critical chi-square threshold of 3.84, what can we conclude about the wolf population's coat color evolution?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection appears to be an important factor influencing the evolution of coat color in this population

Question 5

Which condition is required for adaptive phenotypic plasticity, but not necessarily for non-adaptive plasticity?

Accepted Answer

The environmental cue used to trigger the response is reliably correlated with future conditions affecting fitness

Question 6

How do we know that most traits are polygenic?

Accepted Answer

Because most traits do not fall into discrete categories

Question 7

What does the law of independent assortment state about inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Traits are inherited independent of one another

Question 8

Which two hypotheses about inheritance did Gregor Mendel's experiments refute?

Accepted Answer

Blending inheritance and inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 9

Which plant feature is an adaptation to the tropical rainforest biome?

Accepted Answer

Drip tips on leaves

Question 10

Global patterns of temperature and rainfall are primarily driven by:

Accepted Answer

Uneven heating of the earth’s surface

Question 11

Most phenotypic traits exhibit a continuous distribution in natural populations. The reason for this distribution is that:

Accepted Answer

Most phenotypic traits are determined by many genes

Question 12

Individuals have two alleles of each gene and these alleles separate into different gametes during meiosis. This concept is best defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Principle of segregation

Question 13

In Mendel's experiments, the traits he chose to study were _____________ and he used the inheritance patterns from his crosses as evidence that inheritance __________________.

Accepted Answer

Discrete, is particulate

Question 14

A human geneticist finds 58 $$AA$$, 13 $$Aa$$, and 42 $$aa$$ individuals in a population. What is the genotype frequency of $$aa$$ individuals? Use $$	ext{Genotype frequency} = \frac{	ext{Number of individuals with genotype}}{	ext{Total population}}.$$

Accepted Answer

0.29

Question 15

Given the human geneticist's data, what is the frequency of the $$A$$ allele? Use $$	ext{Allele frequency} = \frac{2 	imes 	ext{Number of homozygotes} + 	ext{Number of heterozygotes}}{2 	imes 	ext{Total population}}.$$

Accepted Answer

0.57

Question 16

Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the expected genotype frequency of $$Aa$$ individuals in the human geneticist's population? Use $$2pq$$ where $$p$$ and $$q$$ are allele frequencies.

Accepted Answer

0.32

Question 17

Using the chi-square formula $$\$$chi^2$$ = \sum \frac{(O-E)^2$}{E}$$, compare the observed and expected genotype frequencies for the human geneticist's data. If the calculated value exceeds 3.84, what is the correct conclusion?

Accepted Answer

There is clear evidence that natural selection is acting on this locus

Question 18

In the climograph provided, which letter is associated with the desert biome?

Accepted Answer

A

Population Genetics, Mendelian Inheritance, and Biome Identification Study Guide

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