Question 1

Which of the following functional groups is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$\mathrm{-NH_2$})$$

Question 2

Which molecule contains a carbonyl group in the form of a ketone?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with the structure $$\mathrm{R-CO-R'}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes structural isomers?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 4

Which functional group can act as an acid by donating a proton ($$\mathrm{H^+}) to a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{-COOH})$$

Question 5

Which of the following pairs of molecules are enantiomers?

Accepted Answer

Two molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other

Question 6

A molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$ can exist as both glucose and fructose. These two molecules are:

Accepted Answer

Structural isomers

Question 7

Which functional group is responsible for stabilizing protein structure by forming covalent cross-links?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$\mathrm{-SH})$$

Question 8

Which of the following molecules contains a functional group that can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A molecule with a carboxyl group ($$\mathrm{-COOH})$$

Question 9

Which functional group is present in ATP and is critical for its role as the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($$\mathrm{-PO_4$^{2-}})$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a cis-trans isomer?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements due to inflexible double bonds

Question 11

Which functional group is most likely to be found in sugars and is responsible for their solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$\mathrm{-OH})$$

Question 12

Which of the following molecules can form a disulfide bridge, important for protein tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

A molecule containing two sulfhydryl groups ($$\mathrm{-SH})$$

Question 13

Which functional group can act as a base by accepting a proton ($$\mathrm{H^+}) $$from the surrounding solution?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$\mathrm{-NH_2$})$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between glucose and fructose?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the arrangement of atoms around the carbonyl group

Question 15

Which of the following functional groups is NOT present in the molecule shown below?

$$\mathrm{CH_3$-CH_2$-CO-NH_2$}$$

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($$\mathrm{-SH})$$

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is a thiol?

Accepted Answer

A molecule containing a sulfhydryl group ($$\mathrm{-SH})$$

Practice questions Chapter 4

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