Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using serum creatinine, age, and other factors?

$$\text{GFR} = \frac{(140 - \text{age}) \times \text{weight (kg)}}{72 \times \text{serum creatinine (mg/dL)}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes homeostasis in the context of clinical chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic equilibrium where the concentrations of biochemical substances are maintained within normal ranges despite internal and external changes.

Question 2

A patient’s blood glucose is measured at 180 mg/dL two hours after a meal. Which physiological response is most likely to occur to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a typical specimen used for chemical analysis in clinical chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Saliva

Question 4

A laboratory test result is considered reliable if:

Accepted Answer

All of the above are true.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why reference ranges for analytes may differ between individuals?

Accepted Answer

They can differ due to age, gender, time of day, medications, and analytical methods.

Question 6

A patient presents with muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmia. Laboratory results show a low potassium level. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Hypokalemia

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using serum creatinine, age, and other factors?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{GFR} = \frac{(140 - 	ext{age}) 	imes 	ext{weight (kg)}}{72 	imes 	ext{serum creatinine (mg/dL)}}$$

Question 8

A 45-year-old male has a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 35 mg/dL (normal: 8–18 mg/dL) and a creatinine level of 2.0 mg/dL (normal: 0.7–1.4 mg/dL). What is the most likely interpretation?

Accepted Answer

Decreased renal function

Question 9

Which of the following statements about cardiac biomarkers is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac troponin is the gold standard for detecting heart muscle injury.

Question 10

A patient with jaundice is found to have elevated bilirubin levels. Which organ is most likely dysfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary function of albumin in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining osmotic pressure and transporting substances

Question 12

A patient is suspected of having diabetes mellitus. Which laboratory test would be most appropriate to confirm hyperglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of electrolytes in the body?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain hydration, acid-base balance, and are essential for muscle and nerve function.

Question 14

A patient’s laboratory report shows elevated uric acid levels. Which condition is most likely associated with this finding?

Accepted Answer

Gout

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason why fasting is preferred before measuring triglyceride levels?

Accepted Answer

Food intake can cause temporary increases in triglyceride levels, affecting test accuracy.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct SI unit for reporting enzyme activity in clinical chemistry?

Accepted Answer

U/L

Question 17

A 30-year-old woman is found to have a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL. Which term best describes her condition?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why proper specimen collection is critical in clinical chemistry?

Accepted Answer

It prevents contamination and ensures accurate, reliable results.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the thyroid hormones measured in clinical chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate metabolic activity in the body

Question 20

A patient’s laboratory results show elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and bilirubin. Which organ is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Principles and Practices of Clinical Chemistry: Chapter 14 Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards