Question 1

Which of the following is a derived trait that distinguishes Eukarya from both Bacteria and Archaea, according to the cladogram?

Accepted Answer

Presence of nuclear envelope and organelles

Question 2

Which feature is unique to Archaea and not found in Bacteria or Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Membrane lipids with ether linkages

Question 3

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with several types of RNA polymerases, introns in its genes, and histones associated with DNA, but lacking a nuclear envelope. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 4

Which process involves the uptake of foreign DNA from the environment by a prokaryotic cell, potentially leading to genetic recombination?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 5

During transduction, which biological agent is responsible for transferring genetic material between prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophages (phages)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why antibiotic resistance can spread rapidly among bacterial populations?

Accepted Answer

Genetic recombination through transformation, transduction, and conjugation increases genetic diversity

Question 7

Which nutritional mode is unique to certain aquatic prokaryotes and involves using light as an energy source and organic compounds as a carbon source?

Accepted Answer

Photoheterotrophy

Question 8

A Gram-positive bacterium is characterized by which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane

Question 9

Which supergroup includes red algae, green algae, and land plants, and is defined by the presence of plastids derived from cyanobacterial endosymbionts?

Accepted Answer

Archaeplastida

Question 10

The SAR supergroup is named for which three major clades?

Accepted Answer

Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizarians

Question 11

Which process in the Plasmodium life cycle is responsible for the alternation between haploid and diploid stages?

Accepted Answer

Alternation of generations

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogenic bacteria

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the number of possible genotypes in a population with $$n$$ genes, each with $$a$$ alleles?

Accepted Answer

$$a^n$$

Question 14

Which group of protists is characterized by movement using pseudopodia and includes amoebas?

Accepted Answer

Rhizopods

Question 15

Which of the following statements best explains why the kingdom Protista is not considered a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

Protists do not share a single common ancestor exclusive to them

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of conjugation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via a pilus

Question 17

Which of the following is a major ecological role of cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen fixation and oxygen production through photosynthesis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the nutritional mode of Sulfolobus, an archaeon found in hot springs?

Accepted Answer

Chemoautotroph

Question 19

Which of the following is a defining feature of the Unikonta supergroup?

Accepted Answer

Includes animals, fungi, and some protists

Question 20

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which genetic process most likely contributed to the rapid acquisition of resistance genes in this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Horizontal gene transfer via conjugation and transduction

Prokaryote and Eukaryote Diversity: Domains, Traits, and Protist Overview (Chapters 27 & 28)

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