Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have a nucleus, while eukaryotes do not.

Question 2

Which structure in bacterial cells is targeted by many antibiotics, leading to cell wall damage?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Question 3

Gram-negative bacteria are generally more resistant to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria because:

Accepted Answer

They possess an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of a bacterial capsule?

Accepted Answer

It allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and protects against desiccation.

Question 5

Endospores are important for bacterial survival because they:

Accepted Answer

Enable bacteria to survive extreme conditions for long periods.

Question 6

Which appendage is primarily used by bacteria for DNA transfer during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pili (sex pili)

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the process of nitrogen fixation performed by some prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

$$N_2 + 8H^+ + 8e$$^- \rightarrow 2NH_3 + $$H_2$$

Question 8

Obligate anaerobes differ from facultative anaerobes in that obligate anaerobes:

Accepted Answer

Are poisoned by oxygen and use fermentation or anaerobic respiration.

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world example of metabolic cooperation among prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Formation of biofilms on medical devices leading to chronic infections.

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the rapid evolution and genetic diversity observed in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Horizontal gene transfer, rapid reproduction, and mutation

Question 11

During bacterial conjugation, what is the role of the pilus?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the donor cell to the recipient and facilitates DNA transfer.

Question 12

Which group of bacteria is responsible for causing diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Spirochetes

Question 13

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and plastids?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and plastids have circular DNA and ribosomes similar to bacteria.

Question 14

Which supergroup includes animals, fungi, and some protists?

Accepted Answer

Unikonta

Question 15

Which protist group is responsible for toxic 'red tides' in marine environments?

Accepted Answer

Dinoflagellates

Question 16

Which metabolic mode describes an organism that uses light for energy and organic compounds for carbon?

Accepted Answer

Photoheterotroph

Question 17

Which of the following is a mutualistic relationship involving prokaryotes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria in the intestines synthesizing vitamins and breaking down food.

Question 18

Which process allows prokaryotes to take up foreign DNA from their environment?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 19

Which equation best represents aerobic cellular respiration in obligate aerobes?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is true about cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

They generate oxygen through plantlike photosynthesis.

Prokaryotes and Protists: Structure, Diversity, and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions