Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why prokaryotes are considered ubiquitous in nature?

Accepted Answer

They are present in almost every environment on Earth, including soil, water, and inside other organisms.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism living in a hot spring with no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the transfer of plasmid DNA between prokaryotic cells during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

Pili

Question 4

A bacterial cell is observed to survive boiling, exposure to radiation, and drying. Which structure most likely allows this survival?

Accepted Answer

Endospore

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Alternating NAM and NAG sugars with peptide bridges

Question 6

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

Most of it is found on circular chromosomes in the nucleoid region.

Question 7

A bacterium is able to survive both in the presence and absence of oxygen. What is the correct classification for this organism?

Accepted Answer

Facultative anaerobe

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the prokaryotic cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support through peptidoglycan

Question 9

A patient is infected with a bacterium that is resistant to multiple antibiotics. Which genetic element is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between bacterial capsules and slime layers?

Accepted Answer

Capsules are dense and well-defined, while slime layers are loose and not well organized.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic flagella is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They move by rotation rather than whipping.

Question 12

Which process do most bacteria use for cell division, and how does it differ from mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission; it does not involve mitotic spindle formation.

Question 13

A researcher is studying a bacterium that can use light as an energy source and survive in the absence of oxygen. Which term best describes its energy and oxygen requirements?

Accepted Answer

Photoautotroph and facultative anaerobe

Question 14

Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria that form endospores?

Accepted Answer

Botulism

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why bacterial growth is measured at the population level rather than the individual cell level?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria divide rapidly by binary fission, making population changes more significant for study.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of chemotaxis in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Movement in response to chemicals

Question 17

A bacterium is found to have a thick, well-defined layer outside its cell wall that helps it evade the host immune system. What is this structure called?

Accepted Answer

Capsule

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the prokaryotic cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins move within a flexible phospholipid bilayer.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the importance of plasmids in bacterial adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium acquires a plasmid that provides resistance to a new antibiotic in a hospital setting.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic flagella move by rotation, while eukaryotic flagella move by whipping.

Prokaryotes: Structure, Function, and Diversity

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