Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack an enclosed nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a thick cell wall made of polysaccharides, a membrane-bound nucleus, and no chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Fungal cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the passage of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 4

During which process is messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesized from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 5

According to Watson–Crick base pairing rules, which of the following correctly matches the number of hydrogen bonds between the base pairs?

Accepted Answer

$$A-T$$ has 2 bonds, $$G-C$$ has 3 bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following structures is responsible for motility in certain prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Flagella

Question 7

A cell is observed to be brick-shaped, non-motile, and contains a membrane-bound nucleus. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of chromatin in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It is a complex of DNA and proteins that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 10

A researcher is studying a cell that contains mitochondria, a nucleus, and a cell wall made of chitin. Which organism is this cell most likely from?

Accepted Answer

Fungus

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why animal cells are more similar to fungal cells than to plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Both animal and fungal cells are heterotrophic and lack cellulose cell walls.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 13

A mutation disrupts the function of actin microfilaments in a cell. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell movement and shape changes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They enable chemical communication between adjacent cells.

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a double membrane-bound organelle with its own DNA, and is responsible for ATP synthesis. Which organelle is this?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of translation in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

The process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA template

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of regulated exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Release of neurotransmitters from neurons in response to a signal

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a flexible, rod-shaped morphology and is motile. Which type of prokaryote is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Spirillum

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered semi-autonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and can replicate independently within the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in animal tissues?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together via cadherin proteins, providing mechanical strength.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure, Morphology, and Function

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