Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why prokaryotic cells can thrive in extreme environments such as hot springs and Antarctic ice?

Accepted Answer

Their cell walls contain peptidoglycan, which provides structural support and protection.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a microorganism with the following features: circular chromosome, no nucleus, cell wall lacking peptidoglycan, and membrane lipids composed of isoprene chains. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for bacterial motility and is composed of proteins distinct from those found in fimbriae?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 4

Gram-negative bacteria differ from Gram-positive bacteria in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the genetic material organization in most bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region.

Question 6

A patient is infected with a bacterium that resists antibiotics due to genes found on small, circular DNA molecules separate from the main chromosome. What are these molecules called?

Accepted Answer

Plasmids

Question 7

Which of the following features is unique to Archaea and not found in Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Membrane lipids with isoprene chains

Question 8

The glycocalyx in bacteria serves which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Protects against desiccation, antibiotics, and immune responses

Question 9

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in protein synthesis and are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes.

Question 10

A bacterium attaches to human teeth using short, rigid structures. What are these structures called?

Accepted Answer

Fimbriae

Question 11

Which of the following molecular features distinguishes Archaea from Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Presence of histones associated with DNA

Question 12

Which equation best represents the cross-linking in bacterial peptidoglycan structure?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{N{-}acetylglucosamine} + \mathrm{N{-}acetylmuramic\ acid} ightarrow 	ext{Peptidoglycan backbone}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why bacteria can rapidly evolve resistance to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

They possess plasmids that can carry antibiotic resistance genes and replicate independently.

Question 15

A researcher is studying a cell with the following characteristics: no nucleus, circular chromosome, cell wall without peptidoglycan, and histones associated with DNA. Which domain does this cell belong to?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 17

Which of the following statements about archaeal cell walls is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of unique molecules not found in bacteria or eukaryotes.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides support, shape, and assists in cell division.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the domains of life?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotic, while Eukarya is eukaryotic.

Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and Function

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