Question 1

Which of the following biological processes directly involves proteins?

Accepted Answer

All of the above.

Question 2

Proteins are polymers of ______.

Accepted Answer

amino acids

Question 3

What two functional groups are present on every amino acid?

Accepted Answer

an amino group and a carboxyl group

Question 4

You discover a new amino acid. Its R-group contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms. How would you describe this amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar

Question 5

Which chemical groups would you expect to participate in hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

amino (-NH_2) and hydroxyl (-OH)

Question 6

A condensation reaction in protein synthesis can be represented by which of the following equations?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Monomer{-}H} + \mathrm{H{-}OH} \rightarrow \mathrm{Monomer{-}Monomer} + \mathrm{H_2O}$

Question 7

If you disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein, which level of structure will be preserved?

Accepted Answer

primary structure

Question 8

Which type(s) of interaction mediate protein secondary structure?

Accepted Answer

hydrogen bonds

Question 9

A protein enzyme catalyzes only one specific chemical reaction effectively. What feature of protein structure is most directly responsible for this specificity?

Accepted Answer

The specific geometry and types of amino acids in the active site

Question 10

How would you characterize the amino acids glutamate and valine?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate is acidic, and valine is nonpolar.

Question 11

By convention, biologists write the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide in which direction?

Accepted Answer

amino- to carboxy- terminus

Question 12

A single change in the amino acid sequence of hemoglobin can result in sickle cell disease. What does this illustrate about protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Changing a single amino acid always alters the primary structure, sometimes alters the tertiary structure, and sometimes affects biological activity.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $\rightarrow$ RNA $\rightarrow$ Protein

Question 14

Which of the following amino acid side chains is most likely to participate in ionic bonds within a protein?

Accepted Answer

Charged side chains

Question 15

If a protein is denatured by heat, which bonds are most likely disrupted first?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of a protein's function being determined by its structure?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen is lost when its shape is altered by a mutation.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why proteins can have such diverse functions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins can fold into a wide variety of three-dimensional shapes due to the chemical diversity of their side chains.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the peptide bond in proteins?

Accepted Answer

It is a covalent bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Question 19

A researcher wants to synthesize a peptide with a specific sequence of three amino acids. If there are 20 different amino acids available, how many unique tripeptides can be made?

Accepted Answer

$20 	imes 19 	imes 18 = 6840$

Protein Structure and Function: Study Notes

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