Q: A DNA sequence reads 5'-ATG GAA TGA-3'. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

$$5'\text{-}AUG\ GAA\ UGA\text{-}3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A scientist observes a mutation in a gene where a single nucleotide is replaced, resulting in a codon that codes for the same amino acid as the original. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 3

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 4

Which of the following modifications is commonly added to the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA molecule before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Poly A tail

Question 5

A DNA sequence reads 5'-ATG GAA TGA-3'. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-}AUG\ GAA\ UGA	ext{-}3'$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on its anticodon sequence.

Question 7

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop codon). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 8

Which of the following statements correctly compares transcription and replication?

Accepted Answer

Transcription produces RNA, while replication produces DNA.

Question 9

Which site on the ribosome is responsible for holding the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain during translation?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 10

A patient is exposed to a chemical that causes the insertion of a single nucleotide into a gene. What is the most likely effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

A frameshift mutation, potentially altering all downstream amino acids.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an exon?

Accepted Answer

A coding region of a gene that remains in mature mRNA.

Question 12

Which codon serves as the universal start codon in the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

$$AUG$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of rRNA in the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It forms the catalytic core that links amino acids together.

Question 14

A mutagen causes a substitution mutation in a gene, changing a codon from GAA (glutamic acid) to GUA (valine). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

No change in the amino acid sequence

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the anticodon in translation?

Accepted Answer

It pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA to ensure the correct amino acid is added.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an induced mutation?

Accepted Answer

A DNA change caused by exposure to UV radiation.

Question 18

Which process involves the removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA splicing

Question 19

A gene sequence is transcribed and translated as follows: DNA: 3'-TAC GGC TTA-5'. What is the resulting amino acid sequence? (Use the genetic code: AUG = Met, GGC = Gly, UUA = Leu)

Accepted Answer

Met-Gly-Leu

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a spontaneous mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that occurs naturally during DNA replication.

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