Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of translation in the inheritance of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Translation converts mRNA sequences into polypeptides, allowing genetic information to be expressed as proteins.

Question 2

During translation, which molecule 'reads' the codons on mRNA and helps assemble the polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the three main steps of translation?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Question 4

What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codon sequence of mRNA.

Question 5

Given the DNA template strand: $$3' - TAC TAT TTG TTT TTA CGT CAT ATA ATT - 5'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5' - AUG AUA AAC AAA AAU GCA GUA UAU UAA - 3'$$

Question 6

How many amino acids are encoded by the mRNA sequence $$AUG AUA AAC AAA AAU GCA GUA UAU UAA$$?

Accepted Answer

9

Question 7

Which of the following best describes an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.

Question 8

If a DNA sequence $$C-A-T is $$transcribed and then translated, what would be the anticodon on the tRNA carrying the amino acid during translation?

Accepted Answer

$$U-A-C$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing mRNA from DNA

Question 10

Why is mRNA required for translation?

Accepted Answer

mRNA provides the template that determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of RNA involved in translation?

Accepted Answer

snRNA (small nuclear RNA)

Question 12

During the elongation step of translation, which event occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A new tRNA enters the A site of the ribosome.

Question 13

A mutation changes the mRNA codon $$G-C-C to$$ $$G-C-U. $$What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

A silent mutation with no change in the amino acid sequence.

Question 14

Which step of translation is responsible for recognizing the start codon and assembling the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Question 15

If the mRNA codon $$U-A-C$$ becomes $$U-A-G$$, what type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is considered 'degenerate'?

Accepted Answer

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios would result in a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A single nucleotide is inserted into the mRNA sequence.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for the number of possible codons in the genetic code, given four nucleotide bases and codons of three bases each?

Accepted Answer

$$4^3 = 64$

Question 19

A patient has a mutation in the gene encoding rRNA. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Translation of proteins

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between codons and amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal.

Protein Translation and the Genetic Code: Structure and Function of DNA III

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