Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 2

A mutation causes the substitution of a hydrophobic amino acid for a hydrophilic one in the core of a protein. What is the most likely effect on the protein’s tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

It may disrupt the protein’s folding, potentially leading to denaturation.

Question 3

Which bond is formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 4

A patient with sickle cell anemia has a single amino acid substitution in their hemoglobin. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 5

Which of the following amino acids is essential and must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Question 6

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 7

Which formula correctly represents the number of possible polypeptide sequences for a chain of $n$ amino acids, given 20 different amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$20^n$

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of defensive proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing and neutralizing pathogens

Question 9

During denaturation, which level(s) of protein structure are most likely to be disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 10

Which of the following statements about quaternary protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the interaction of multiple polypeptide subunits.

Question 11

A protein loses its function after exposure to high heat. Which process has most likely occurred?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a purine and a pyrimidine found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine and thymine

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a complete protein source is important in human nutrition?

Accepted Answer

It contains all essential amino acids required for protein synthesis.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following medical conditions is directly related to a misfolded protein?

Accepted Answer

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 16

Which of the following correctly describes the backbone of a nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

Alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world application of proteomics?

Accepted Answer

Identifying protein biomarkers for disease diagnosis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of mRNA vaccines in fighting viral infections?

Accepted Answer

They deliver mRNA encoding viral proteins, which are then produced by the host cells to stimulate an immune response.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly matches the protein function with its example?

Accepted Answer

Transport protein – hemoglobin

Chapter 5 - Part 2 Study Notes : Proteins and Nucleic Acids: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards