Question 1

Which of the following developmental features distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes?

Accepted Answer

The blastopore becomes the mouth, and the anus forms second.

Question 2

A biologist discovers a wormlike animal with a pseudocoelom, no appendages, and an elastic cuticle that is periodically shed. Which phylum does this animal most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Nematoda

Question 3

Which adaptation allowed terrestrial protostomes to minimize water loss during the transition from aquatic to land environments?

Accepted Answer

Development of a waxy layer on the body surface

Question 4

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of lophotrochozoans?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a lophophore or trochophore larva

Question 5

Flatworms lack specialized structures for gas exchange and circulation. What is the primary adaptation that allows them to survive in their environment?

Accepted Answer

Flattened body shape that increases surface area for diffusion

Question 6

Which of the following statements about mollusks is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The mantle in mollusks can form siphons for jet propulsion in cephalopods.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the arthropod exoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Provides structure for muscle attachment

Question 8

A scientist finds an animal with three tagmata, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton hardened with calcium carbonate. Which group does this animal most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Arthropoda

Question 9

Which of the following is a major ecological role of earthworms (Oligochaeta) in terrestrial environments?

Accepted Answer

Aeration of soil and contribution of organic matter through feces

Question 10

Which of the following features would support your hypothesis that an animal is an ecdysozoan and not a lophotrochozoan?

Accepted Answer

It grows by molting.

Question 11

Which lineage includes animals with a feeding structure called a lophophore and a larval stage called a trochophore?

Accepted Answer

Lophotrochozoa

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the coelom in most mollusks?

Accepted Answer

It is highly reduced and functions mostly in reproduction and excretion.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the process of molting in ecdysozoans?

Accepted Answer

Molting exposes the animal's soft body, making it vulnerable.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of tapeworms (Cestoda)?

Accepted Answer

They are strictly endoparasitic and absorb nutrients by diffusion across their body wall.

Question 15

Which of the following adaptations is found in insect eggs that helps them survive on land?

Accepted Answer

A thick membrane that retains moisture

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the radula in mollusks?

Accepted Answer

Scraping or rasping food material for ingestion

Question 17

Which of the following is a feature of water bears (Tardigrada) and velvet worms (Onychophora) that distinguishes them from arthropods?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle is not hardened as an exoskeleton and limbs are not jointed

Question 18

A scientist discovers a new species of arthropod. Which characteristic would inspire her to determine that it is a crustacean and not an insect?

Accepted Answer

Two pairs of antennae

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a flatworm, explaining its adaptation for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{A}{V}$ is maximized when thickness $h$ is minimized$

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a major protostome phylum?

Accepted Answer

Chordata

Protostome Animals: Diversity, Development, and Major Lineages

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